LMNO Engineering, Research, and Software, Ltd.

Open Channels / Culverts

Manning Equation Detailed Calculators:

• Circular culvert
• Trapezoidal channel
• Rectangular channel

Simple Manning calculators:

• Simple Manning calculator
• Circular culvert geometry
• Non-circular channel geometry
• Manning's n Coefficients
• Q = VA

Specialty Programs:

• Culvert design using inlet and outlet control (graph, chart)
• Gradually varied flow (M1, M2, S2, S3) graph and table
• Inverted siphon for sewer going under river
• Hydraulic jump in a pipe
• Hydraulic jump horizontal rectangular channel
• Critical depth in circular culvert
• Bernoulli (pitot tube, dam, sluice gate)
• Discharge from a tank (steady state)
• Time to empty tank

Flumes:

• Parshall (submerged and free flow) graph, table
• Trapezoidal, rectangular, U (Palmer), Parshall (free flow) graph, chart

Weirs:

• Rectangular
• V notch
• Cipoletti

Compute Waterfall Discharge at Channel Drop-Off (End Depth):

• Circular culvert
• Rectangular channel
• Triangular channel

Riprap

• Riprap rock sizing

Drag Force

• Drag force on hemispheres, cone, ellipsoid, annular disk, cylinder, rod, cube
• Drag force - you enter drag coefficient

Hydrology and Groundwater

Hydrology:

• Stormwater runoff TR-55
• TR-55 detention basin storage
• Time of concentration
• Rational equation for peak discharge
• Water Quality Volume

Groundwater:

• Darcy's Law (packed bed, permeameter)
• Hydraulic gradient and flow direction from x, y, head data
• 3-D slug (pulse) injection: advection, dispersion
• 1-D step injection: advection, disp, retardation
• Drawdown for unsteady groundwater flow to a pumping well in a confined aquifer (Theis Well function calculator)
• Aquifer transmissivity T=Kb (and K table)

Pressurized Conduits

Single pipes and tubes:

• Pipe flow - liquid or gas (Darcy-Weisbach)
• Pump curve calculator - liquid or gas pipe (Darcy-Weisbach friction)
• Water pipe (Hazen-Williams friction)
• Pump operating point - water pipe (Hazen-Williams friction)

Compressible (gases):

• Weymouth, Panhandle A (and B) equations (compressible gases)
• Choked flow of gas from tank through pipe
• Gas leak rate through hole
• Rayleigh flow (compressible with heat transfer but frictionless)

Specialty Programs:

• Water hammer (enter valve close or opening time)
• Water hammer (instantaneous valve closure)
• Bernoulli (pitot tube, pipe leak, pipe expansion/contraction)
• Pipe network (12 pipes)
• Discharge from a tank (steady state)
• Time to empty tank
• Liquid leak rate from pipe crack
• Fire hydrant
• Pressure relief valve sizing
• Thrust block force due to pipe bend
• Bypass loop

Venturi, Nozzle, and Orifice Flow Meters (D is pipe diameter):

• Venturi (liquids)
• Nozzle (liquids)
• Orifice (liquids, D<5cm)
• Orifice (liquids, D≥5cm)
• Orifice (gases, D<5cm)
• Orifice (gases, D≥5cm)

Properties of Gases:

• Specific gravity conversions and density using ideal gas law
• Gas flow conversions (mass, standard, actual)
• Molecular weight
• Gas viscosity

Simple Programs:

• Non-circular to circular pipe conversions
• Energy (Bernoulli) equation
• Pressure drop in horizontal pipe (laminar flow)
• Pressure loss in horizontal pipe (4000≤Re≤10⁵)
• Static pressure from column height
• Minor losses (valves, etc.)
• Convert discharge coefficient to minor loss coefficient
• Q = VA
• Major losses (pipe friction). Darcy-Weisbach
• Major losses (pipe friction). Hazen-Williams
• Surface roughness and minor loss coefficients
• Moody friction factor for Darcy-Weisbach
• Equivalent length of pipe calculator

Miscellaneous

• Volume of liquid in inclined cylinder at 0 to 90 degrees (graph, table)
• Volume of partially full cylinder on its side, sphere, cone
• Unit conversions
• Fluid properties
• Discussion and references for pipes, culverts

Videos / Movies

• Friction loss and analysis
• Tank discharge and analysis